Kalam

On the Authorship of Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s al-Khalq wa al-Baʿth

The article seeks to study the work of Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (543-606 A.H/1149-1209 A.D), entitled al-Khalq wa al-Baʿth. This work is still available in manuscripts and has not hitherto been published yet. This paper discusses the authorship of the above work by al-Rāzī. This encompasses the issue of the ascription of the work to al-Rāzī, the…

Analogical Arguments in the Kalām Tradition: Abū l-Maꜥālī al-Juwaynī and Beyond

This article examines the development and critique of analogical arguments in the kalam tradition. There are two basic positions on analogical arguments: (i) one holds that if analogical arguments yield certainty, then they are analyzable as deductive inferences, rendering the analogy itself redundant. Proponents of this view thus hold that if the analogy is useful…

Impurity in Terms of Human Ontology: al-Tawba 9/28

In this article, the literature set forth in the Muslim tradition of thought on the nature of social relations with polytheists is discussed in general terms. The literature in question has been formed based on the verse “…Do not allow polytheists to approach al-Masjid al-Ḥarām after this year” (Tawba 9/28). In this context, scholars discussed…